Upper liner for crushers

ABSTRACT

A bowl liner and a bowl for use in gyratory cone crushers in which the body of the liner has improved wear-resistant features and the liner is mounted in a shock-free manner to greatly increase the life of the liner. A circumferential, inwardly extending bowl ledge is provided with sockets through which inserts which are fused to the liner body project. The inserts have bores threaded to receive spring-loaded mounting bolts yieldably connecting the liner to the bowl.

Unite @WFME? l niemit Seaailfidi lFeh. 29, 11972 [54] UPPER lLHNlEiRIFQR CRUSH-KENS 3,063,649 11/1962 Pollak ..24l/299 [72] Inventor:Francis Scaffidi, west Allis Wis 3,281,083 10/1966 Johnson ..241/299 X[73] Assignee: Rex Chainlhelt line, Milwaukee, Wis. PrimaryExaminer-Donald G. Kelly [22] Filed: Oct 27 1969 Attorney-Parker, Caner& Markey [21 Appl. No.2 $69,544 [57] ABSTRACT A bowl liner and a bowlfor use in gyratory cone crushers in US. the of the liner ha improvedwea -.resistana fea- [51] mm. C]. "Emile 2/04 tures and the liner ismounted in a h kf manner to [58] Field ol'Seni'eh..241/299,300,293,207-216 g y increase thg life of the net Acircumfemmial i wardly extending bowl ledge is provided with socketsthrough [56] References (med which inserts which are fused to the linerbody project. The in- UNITED STATES PATENTS serts have bores threaded toreceive spring-loaded mounting 8 l1 9 G d 24 I299 bolts yieldablyconnecting the liner to the bowl. 2,107,7 6 2 38 ruen er 1 2,718,3589/1955 Burls ..241/299 X 9 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures Patented Feb. 29,1972 3,645,460

2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Maw/me.

lUlPPlEI't LINER FOII CRUSIIIEIIS SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Thisinvention is in the field of cone crushers and is concerned specificallywith a new and improved bowl and liner or wearing member to be mountedon the bowl of a crusher of the type in which the head is gyrated.

A primary object of the invention is a new and improved bowl liner orupper liner which has greatly increased wear-resistant property.

Another object is a method and means for mounting such a liner in thebowl of a crusher so that it may be quickly and easily removed andreplaced.

Another object is a bowl liner of the above type with an improvedmounting arrangement having a shocloresistant feature so that crushingblows and bouncing will be absorbed.

Another object is a method and apparatus for mounting a bowl liner in acrusher where the material of the liner itself is a hard, wear-resistantmaterial which, for all practical purposes, cannot be drilled or tapped.

Another object is a new and improved bowl liner which provides morebacking area.

Another object is a bowl liner which, when it is worn out, reduces thethrowaway or scrap.

Another object is a bowl liner which provides the same effectivecrushing, improved wear resistance and increased life but withsubstantially less overall weight compared to prior liners.

Another object is a bowl liner which requires substantially lessmachining both on the bowl and on the liner itself.

Another object is a bowl liner which will not tend to slip or rotate inthe bowl during use.

Another object is a mounting for such bowl liner which takes up shock.

Another object is a bowl liner which is easier to assemble anddisassemble.

Another object is a bowl liner which eliminates any throat areaproblems.

Other objects will appear from time to time in the ensuingspecification, claims and drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. l is a top plan view of theliner;

FIG. 2 is a front view of FIG. 11; and

FIG. 3 is a section substantially along line 3-3 of FIG. l, on anenlarged scale, mounted in a bowl.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT In FIG. 3, the liner has beenshown mounted in the bowl of a crusher with only a portion of the bowlshown therein. It will be realized that the details of the overallcrusher, the head, the frame, the spring release, the bowl itself, areall unimportant and reference is made to U.S. Pat. No. 2,770,423, issuedNov. 13, 1956, and U.S. Pat. No. 3,140,834, issued July 14, 1964, as anexample of typical machines to which this invention could be applied,although it is not limited thereto.

In FIG. 3, the bowl is indicated generally at III and is of the typewhich extends inwardly and provides a circumferential flange or ledge I2with a bowl liner M mounted thereon. The bowl itself has a generallyfrustoconical lower surface 16 which extends upwardly and inwardly andmatches and fits against a similar surface on the bowl liner.

The liner itself is shown with a main body portion or lower section I8and an upstanding, somewhat cylindrical neck 29. The lower surface 22 ofthe main body portion is generally frustoconical and may be consideredthe crushing surface toward which the head works and defines thecrushing cavity, all of which is conventional. The upper surface 24 ofthe liner is generally frustoconical and engages the mounting or backingsurface to of the bowl.

As shown in cross section on an enlarged scale in FIG. 3, and on a planbasis in the first two figures, a plurality of inserts 26, shown in thiscase as six, are positioned around the liner and project upwardlysomewhat from the upper surface. These inserts are shown as equallyspaced in FIGS. 1' and 2, but it might be otherwise.

Each such insert, in FIG. 3, has a lower or foot portion 28 which issomewhat flared and is fully embedded in the main body portion lift ofthe liner itself. While the flare or foot has been shown at right anglesto the upright axis of the insert, it might be at an angle, for example,to match the surfaces 22 and M. It will be noted in FIGS. I and 2 thatthe inserts are generally cylindrical, although they might be any othersuitable shape, and the foot portion 23 may be considered somewhatconical, although it might be otherwise.

Each insert 265 rises or extends above the backing or upper surface ofthe liner a suitable distance and, when mounted in the bowl, projectsinto a socket or cavity 30 formed therein. An opening or passage 32 ofreduced size is provided in the top of the socket opening through thetop of the bowl ledge so that a securing arrangement, shown in this caseas a conven' tional threaded bolt 34, may extend down through theopening and into the insert. The insert has a threaded hole 36 to acceptthe lower end of the bolt and the upper end of the bolt may have asuitable hex head 3% or the like.

A plurality of spring washers Alt commonly referred to as Bellevillesprings, are shown on the bolt and although three have been shown, itcould be more or less. In fact, in one situation one such spring washerwas completely adequate. In any event, the washers, if there is a stack,rest on the upper surface of the supporting ledge and engage the bolthead so that the result is a shock-resistant, yieldable mounting for theliner. The degree of tension may be selected and preset by turning thebolt into the insert and compressing the Belleville washers to whateverextent is desired.

The upstanding somewhat cylindrical neck 20 is provided with a series ofoutstanding projections or spacing lugs or guiding and centeringextensions 42. The outer surfaces Ml of these lugs, as a group, areswung on the same circle and closely approach the inner surface to ofthe bowl ledge so that when a new such liner is initiflly mounted in thebowl, the lugs or extensions 42 will pilot or guide the liner and bowltogether so that the contacting surfaces In and 24 will be as closelymatched and fitted together as possible.

Each socket or space 30 is filled with a backing material which may be asuitable epoxy resin or the like. This material may be poured in liquidform after a new bowl liner has been fully mounted in a bowl andconnecting parts, bolts, etc., inserted through the openings in the bowland threaded into the inserts 26. The backing material could be poureddown between the inner edge of the bowl and the liner neck 20 in thespace between the lugs or guiding projections $2 to fill the individualsockets 3t), as shown in FIG. 3, up to any suitable level. Thecontacting surfaces to and M would serve as a sea] at the lower end andthe sockets and portions of the bowl which will be contacted by thebacking material should preferably be greased so that when the backingmaterial solidifies, it does not adhere to the bowl or any part of itand resists removal. Also, a shrink ring 4% may be shrunk on the outeredge or surface of the liner to apply substantial radial stresses to thebody of the liner to counteract. any tendency for localized areas of theliner to fail due to tension stresses occurring therein, for example therear surface. Part of the feed cone 56) of the crusher has been shownresting on the upper end of the neck portion but is not important.

The use, operation and function of the invention are as follows:

It has long been known to mount removable liners on the bowl of conecrushers and it has been traditional to make those liners out ofmanganese steel. It: has recently become of interest to make such aliner out of a metal which has a great resistance to wear. But thispresents the problem that any such material would be much more brittleand it is extremely difficult if not impossible to machine suchmaterial, for example drilling, threading, etc. As example of suchmaterials, a nickle steel now sold by International Nickle Company underits trademark NIHARD would be suitable and has the wear-resistantcharacteristics desired. Such a material is a hard, wearresistant metaldescribed as a pearlitic, carbidic white cast iron; martensitic,carbidic, chrome-nickle alloyed cast iron which may have a Brinellhardness at least as high as 400 or better.

Some previous bowl liners have been held at the top by a mountingflange, as shown for example in the above referred to prior US. patents.But in view of the brittle nature of the material proposed to be usedfor the liner here, clamping such a liner at the top or upper end of theneck would be impractical since the lower portion of the liner mightbreak off and fall.

I propose to cast mild steel inserts into such a liner. This would beclone by positioning the inserts in the sand mold and casting thewear-resistant, brittle base material about them. Each of the insertswould extend up from the rear or top surface of the liner and fit intoan oversize socket or cavity in the bowl. The insert itself is easilymachineable and can be drilled and tapped. A simple conventional boltcan then be inserted down into the insert to join the liner and bowltogether. It is preferred that a yieldable shock-resistant mounting beprovided for any such bolt, or whatever securing means is used, so

. that during crushing there will be a degree of play or give in themounting which will reduce the possibilities of the base materialbreaking.

The inserts are integrally fused or molded directly into the base metaland the union between the two suffers no gaps or separations. Thereafterthe inserts may be considered an integral, fused part of the lineritself, except that it has the advantage that it can be drilled, tappedor otherwise machined.

One of the advantages of the present liner and mounting arrangement isthat it provides more backing area behind the liner. The backing use, beit an epoxy resin or what-have-you, can be poured between the neck ofthe liner and the rim of the bowl so that all sockets or cavities arefilled. The only metalto-metal point of contact is between the conicalouter mating surfaces on the liner and bowl. Thus, only this area ismetal-tometal and the rest may be considered to be backed or cushionedby a suitable filler backing.

I have shown a cylindrical neck and it should be understood that in somesituations and installations, such a neck may not be important. In thatcase, the neck might be brought down or eliminated down to a levelgenerally at the centering or guiding projections 42. In such case, thetotal amount of metal that would have to be thrown away when the lineris worn out would be greatly reduced. Also, elimination of the upperneck would reduce the overall weight of the liner some 20 to 30 percent,which greatly facilitates handling.

The only contacting surfaces which require machining are the limitedareas 16 and 24 which reduces expense. Also, the supporting surfaces ofthe bowl that contact the washers or bolts or studs do not have to bemachined but can be left in the as-cast state, although it could bespot-faced if desired.

The use of the inserts fitting into appropriate sockets will prevent theliner from rotating if it should become loose. And the filling orbacking material firmly holds the liner in place.

One of the important features is the shock-free mounting which in thiscase is shown as a group of so-called Belleville washers which isimportant and advantageous when the main body of the liner itself is ahard, brittle material.

The liner is easy to assemble since the sockets in the bowl can be muchlarger than the inserts. Thus, no accurate pistonand-cylinder fit isrequired. The outstanding lugs projecting outwardly from the upstandingliner neck accurately center the liner in the bowl. But a tight fit isnot necessary.

In the past, a substantial amount of unexplained wear has occurred incertain situations in the upstanding neck portion 20. This has beenparticularly disadvantageous on liners that are clamped at the top bywedges, outstanding flanges, and what have you. Once the neck wearsexcessively, the entire liner must be disposed of, even though the maincrushing body portion may still have a lot of life left in it. In thepresent arrangement, wear of the neck is completely incidental if itoccurs. In certain situations the neck might be eliminated in which casea simple, inexpensive wear member, separate from the liner body, mightbe used, which would protect the adjacent portions of the bowl andrelated parts.

While I have shown six such inserts in the drawings, it should beunderstood that more or less could be used.

It may well be that in certain installations, the inserts rising fromthe back of the liner can be used to guide the liner in place in thebowl and the projecting lugs 42 will not be needed. But this will dependupon the particular application involved and at present the lugs areconsidered desirable.

Also, the Belleville washers or cone washers 40 additionally protect thestuds since any shocks that otherwise might tend to break off the headof the stud will be dampened out. I have shown Belleville or conewashers, but it should be understood that any suitable or equivalentelement might be used. Also, in certain installations or applications,Belleville springs or some form of dampening device may not benecessary. And the liner might be merely held by the bolts or someholding device.

While the preferred form and several variations of the invention havebeen shown and suggested, it should be understood that suitableadditional modifications, changes, substitutions and alterations may bemade without departing from the inventions fundamental theme.

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property orprivilege is claimed are defined as follows:

1. A bowl liner for use in a crusher of the gyrated head type, the linerhaving a generally circumferential frustoconical crushing body with anupper surface adapted to engage a similar such surface on the bowl of acrusher when the liner is mounted therein, a lower generallyfrustoconical surface on the liner adapted to define a part of thecrushing cavity in the crusher, the liner being of a hard,wearresistant, somewhat brittle material, and a plurality of insertsintegrally fused into the body of the liner and projecting from theupper surface, and the inserts being circumferentially spaced about theliner and being of a tough fracture-resistant material, each such inserthaving a threaded bore opening through the top thereof to receive amounting bolt.

2. The bowl liner of claim 1 further characterized in that the linerincludes a generally frustoconical truncated lower main body portion andan upper generally cylindrical neck rising from the upper inner part ofthe body portion.

3. The bowl liner of claim 1 further characterized in that each suchinsert has an expanded foot portion at the lower end thereof which isembedded in and integrally fused to the wearresistant somewhat brittlematerial of the liner.

4. The bowl liner of claim 1 further characterized in that the liner hasa generally cylindrical upstanding neck portion at its upper inner endwith a plurality of outstanding spaced projections on the outer surfacethereof which function to center and guide the liner in the bowl when itis being initially mounted therein.

5. For use in a cone crusher of the type having a gyratable head, a bowland liner assembly including a generally circumferential bowl having aninwardly projecting circumferential ledge with a generally frustoconicaldownwardly and outwardly extending lower surface, a bowl liner mountedon the lower surface of the bowl and in engagement therewith, aplurality of downwardly opening circumferentially spaced sockets in thebowl, a matching number of upstanding mounting projections on the backof the liner extending into the sockets, and a mounting assemblyincluding a yieldable formation on the upper surface of the bowlsupporting ledge connected to the projections on the liner, the mountingassembly including a plurality of bolts extending through openings inthe bowls mounting ledge and threaded into the projections, and theyieldable formation including one or more cone washer springs around thebolts and bearing on the upper surface of the circumferential ledge.

6. The structure of claim 5 further characterized in that the bowl lineris made of a hard, wear-resistant, somewhat brittle material and theprojections are inserts and are made of a tough, fracture-resistantmaterial, the inserts being integrally fused into the body of the bowlliner.

7. The structure of claim 5 further characterized by and including athermosetting backing material filling the space between the bowl linerand bowl extending into and filling the sockets in the bowl around themounting projections on the back of the liner.

8. A bowl liner for use in a crusher of the gyrated head type, the linerhaving a generally circumferential frustoconical crushing body with anupper surface adapted to engage a similar such surface on the bowl of acrusher when the liner is mounted therein, a lower generallyfrustoconical surface on the liner adapted to define a part of thecrushing cavity in the crusher, a plurality of upstandingcircumferentially spaced integral mounting projections on the uppersurface of the liner adapted to extend into sockets formed in the bowl,and a threaded bore opening through the top of each projection adaptedto receive a mounting bolt.

9. The structure of claim 8 further characterized in that theprojections are in the form of inserts fused into the body of the linerand made of a tough fracture-resistant material while the liner is madeof a hard, wear-resistant somewhat brittle material.

1. A bowl liner for use in a crusher of the gyrated head type, the linerhaving a generally circumferential frustoconical crushing body with anupper surface adapted to engage a similar such surface on the bowl of acrusher when the liner is mounted therein, a lower generallyfrustoconical surface on the liner adapted to define a part of thecrushing cavity in the crusher, the liner being of a hard,wear-resistant, somewhat brittle material, and a plurality of insertsintegrally fused into the body of the liner and projecting from theupper surface, and the inserts being circumferentially spaced about theliner and being of a tough fracture-resistant material, each such inserthaving a threaded bore opening through the top thereof to receive amounting bolt.
 2. The bowl liner of claim 1 further characterized inthat the liner includes a generally frustoconical truncated lower mainbody portion and an upper generally cylindrical neck rising from theupper inner part of the body portion.
 3. The bowl liner of claim 1further characterized in that each such insert has an expanded footportioN at the lower end thereof which is embedded in and integrallyfused to the wear-resistant somewhat brittle material of the liner. 4.The bowl liner of claim 1 further characterized in that the liner has agenerally cylindrical upstanding neck portion at its upper inner endwith a plurality of outstanding spaced projections on the outer surfacethereof which function to center and guide the liner in the bowl when itis being initially mounted therein.
 5. For use in a cone crusher of thetype having a gyratable head, a bowl and liner assembly including agenerally circumferential bowl having an inwardly projectingcircumferential ledge with a generally frustoconical downwardly andoutwardly extending lower surface, a bowl liner mounted on the lowersurface of the bowl and in engagement therewith, a plurality ofdownwardly opening circumferentially spaced sockets in the bowl, amatching number of upstanding mounting projections on the back of theliner extending into the sockets, and a mounting assembly including ayieldable formation on the upper surface of the bowl supporting ledgeconnected to the projections on the liner, the mounting assemblyincluding a plurality of bolts extending through openings in the bowl''smounting ledge and threaded into the projections, and the yieldableformation including one or more cone washer springs around the bolts andbearing on the upper surface of the circumferential ledge.
 6. Thestructure of claim 5 further characterized in that the bowl liner ismade of a hard, wear-resistant, somewhat brittle material and theprojections are inserts and are made of a tough, fracture-resistantmaterial, the inserts being integrally fused into the body of the bowlliner.
 7. The structure of claim 5 further characterized by andincluding a thermosetting backing material filling the space between thebowl liner and bowl extending into and filling the sockets in the bowlaround the mounting projections on the back of the liner.
 8. A bowlliner for use in a crusher of the gyrated head type, the liner having agenerally circumferential frustoconical crushing body with an uppersurface adapted to engage a similar such surface on the bowl of acrusher when the liner is mounted therein, a lower generallyfrustoconical surface on the liner adapted to define a part of thecrushing cavity in the crusher, a plurality of upstandingcircumferentially spaced integral mounting projections on the uppersurface of the liner adapted to extend into sockets formed in the bowl,and a threaded bore opening through the top of each projection adaptedto receive a mounting bolt.
 9. The structure of claim 8 furthercharacterized in that the projections are in the form of inserts fusedinto the body of the liner and made of a tough fracture-resistantmaterial while the liner is made of a hard, wear-resistant somewhatbrittle material.